European Starling
Image: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/49503118795@N01">Ingrid Taylar</a> (CC BY 2.0)
NameEuropean Starling
Common NameEuropean Starling
Scientific NameSturnus vulgaris
FamilySturnidae
Wingspan (cm)31
Length (cm)21.5
Weight (g)80
Plumage DetailsAdults in breeding plumage are glossy black with iridescent green and purple sheens, often speckled with white spots in winter. Juveniles, like the one pictured, are dull grey-brown overall with a paler throat, gradually acquiring adult-like spotted plumage as they molt into their first-winter feathers.
Vocalization / CallHighly vocal, producing a wide range of whistles, clicks, chattering, and mimicry of other birds and sounds. Their song is a mix of musical and harsh notes, often incorporating imitations.
Primary Dietomnivore
Primary Habitatsurban areas, farmland, grassland, open woodland, parks, gardens
Conservation Statusleast-concern
Geographic RangeNative to Europe and parts of Asia, the European Starling has been widely introduced to other continents, including North America, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, where it is often considered an invasive species.
Identifying Featuresshort tail, pointed wings, long, pointed bill (yellow in breeding adults, dark in juveniles/non-breeding adults), iridescent black plumage (adults), spotted plumage (winter adults and transitioning juveniles), brown plumage (juveniles)
Description
The European Starling is a medium-sized passerine bird known for its iridescent plumage and highly varied vocalizations. They are highly social, often forming large, noisy flocks, especially outside the breeding season, and are adaptable to a wide range of habitats.
