Ruff
NameRuff
Common NameRuff
Scientific NameCalidris pugnax
FamilyScolopacidae
Wingspan (cm)57
Length (cm)29
Weight (g)160
Plumage DetailsBreeding males exhibit highly variable and ornate plumage, featuring a large ruff and ear tufts that can be chestnut, black, white, or buff, often with intricate patterns. Their back is typically mottled brown and black, with a white belly. Females (Reeves) and non-breeding males are duller, generally brownish-grey above with a paler underside.
Vocalization / CallGenerally a quiet bird, Ruffs produce soft grunting or croaking sounds during lek displays. Their typical call is a soft 'tew-wit' or a series of 'tuc-tuc-tuc' notes.
Primary Dietomnivore
Primary Habitatswetland, grassland, tundra
Conservation Statusleast-concern
Geographic RangeBreeds across the Arctic and subarctic regions of Eurasia, from Scandinavia eastward across Siberia. It migrates south to winter primarily in Africa, southern Asia, and occasionally southern Europe.
Identifying FeaturesElaborate ruff and ear tufts in breeding males, Highly variable plumage patterns in breeding males, Long neck and small head, Orange or yellowish legs, Communal lekking behavior
Description
The Ruff is a medium-sized wading bird, highly distinctive for the elaborate ruff and ear tufts displayed by breeding males. These males engage in unique communal lekking displays to attract females, known as Reeves. The species is migratory, breeding in northern Eurasia and wintering in Africa and southern Asia.
