Purple Martin
NamePurple Martin
Common NamePurple Martin
Scientific NameProgne subis
FamilyHirundinidae
Wingspan (cm)39.5
Length (cm)19
Weight (g)52.5
Plumage DetailsAdult males are entirely glossy, iridescent dark blue-purple. Females and immatures are duller, with dusky gray-brown heads and backs, and paler underparts, often with some purplish iridescence on the back.
Vocalization / CallA variety of rich, gurgling, and chortling calls, often described as musical 'chew-chew' or 'tew-tew' notes. They also have alarm calls and a distinctive dawn song.
Primary Dietinsectivore
Primary Habitatsurban, forest, wetland, grassland
Conservation Statusleast-concern
Geographic RangeBreeds across much of North America, from central Canada south through the eastern and central United States, and parts of the western US. Winters in South America, primarily in the Amazon basin.
Identifying FeaturesLargest swallow in North America, Adult males entirely iridescent dark blue-purple, Females and immatures have dusky heads/backs and paler underparts, Distinctive gurgling and chortling calls, Often nests in multi-compartment birdhouses or gourds provided by humans, Broad wings and a slightly forked tail
Description
The Purple Martin is the largest swallow in North America, known for its graceful, acrobatic flight while catching insects. Adult males display a striking iridescent dark blue-purple plumage, appearing black in poor light. They are highly social birds, often nesting in colonies, particularly in human-provided housing.
